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| Time | ------POLITICS------- |
-------LITERATURE------- |
Religion / Philosophy |
-------ARTS-------- |
----SCIENCE / TECHNOLOGY--- |
------PEOPLE'S LIFE------ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -5000 to -4001 | . | . | . | * Stamp seals came into use in N Mesopotamia around 5000 BC | * The Egyptian calendar, regulated by sun and moon: 360 days, 12 months of 30 days each. | * Earliest cities in Mesopotamia |
| -4000 to -3501 | * Sumerians settle on the site of city of Babylon. -- The Ancient Sumerians Babylonian influence predominant in Mediterranean regions of Asia. -- History of Babylonia |
* Sumerian writing on clay tablets, showing about 2,000 pictgraphic signes. Earliest Babylonian omen tablets | . | * Harps and Flutes played in Egypt. * White painted pottery in Egypt and southeastern Europe |
* Copper alloys used by Egyptians and Sumerians: smelting of gold and silver known. | * Cretan Ships predominant in Mediterranean * First year of Jewish calendar (-3760) * Disastrous floods in Mesopotamian region |
| -3500 to -3001 | * Height of Sumerian civilization. * Neolithic period in western Europe. * Bronze Age in Bohemia. * 1st and 2nd dynasties in Egypt(Archaic period to -2800. |
* Sumerian cuneiform writing, earliest known | . | * Lyres and double clarinets played in Egypt. * Sumerian temple of Janna and White temple at Uruk built. |
* Earliest known numerals in Egypt. First date in Mayan Chronology is -3372. * Potter's wheel used in Mesopotamia. |
*Masons and smiths become craftmen *Wheeled vehicles in use in sumeria *Linen is produced in Middle East *Economy of Sumerian cities is based on agricalture and husbandry *Plowing, ranking, and manuring in Egypt. * Foundation of Memphis(King Menes), the captal of united Upper and Lower Egypt. |
| -3000 to -2501 | * Semitic tribes occupy Assyria in northern part of the plain of shinar and Akkad. * Phoenicians settle on Syrian coast, with centers at Tyre and Sidon. * Neolithic settlements in Crete. * Height of Danubian culture. * Beginning of the period of the "Sage King" in China. * Old Kingdom of Egypt, 3rd to 6th dynasty(-2815 to -2200) * Beginning of early dynastic period of Mesopotamia(to -2350) * Zoser, King of 3rd Egyptian dynasty(-2780 to -2720) * Gilgamesh, legendary king of Uruk(Erech)(c. -2750) * Cheops, King of 4th Egyptian dynasty(-2700 to -2675) * Egyptians invade Palestine as reprisal for attacks on trade caravans. * Mis-anni-padda, King of Ur, first recorded ruler in Mesopotamia. |
* The first epic tales of Gilgamesh. * Pepi's papyrus, "Instructions to a Son," one of eariest preserved literary documents. * Animal skins are used for scrolls in Western Asia. |
* Sumerian chief deities are Mother Goddess Innin and her son Tammuz; similar divinities are worshiped by Egyptians, Hittites, Phoenicians, and Scandinavians. * Paraoh, the god-king in Egypt. |
* Blick temples with colored pillars in Uruk, sumeria eariest Trojan culture. * Glass beads in Egypt * First terraced tower temples in Mesopotamia. * Cheops Pyramid at Gizeth and "Ship of Re" to trasport soul of king to immortality. * The Great Sphinx of Gizeh * The Chin. court musician cuts the first bamboo pipe. |
* Beginning of systematic astronomical observations in Egypt, Babylonia, India and China. * Egypt introduces calendar of 365 days without adjustments -2772. * Weaving loom known in Europe * Sumerian numerical system based on multiples of 6 and 12 |
* Oil-burning lamps used by Sumerians. * Clay tablet with a list of drink, bread, olive oil and fish, in cuniform script * Wresling becomes the first highly developed sport. * First reports of domesticated dogs in Egypt * Sumerians grow barly, bake bread, make bear; metal coins begin to replace barly as legal tender. * Metal mirrors used in Egypt. * Red-polished ware "tulip bowl" Cyprus. Early Bronze Age(-2700 - -2075) |
| -2500 to -2001 | * Settlement of Aramean nomads from Euphrates area and of Semitic Canaanite trives in Palestine. * Yao dynasty in China(to -2300) * Lugalzaggisi, king of Uruk, defeats the Legash empire and becomes "King of the countries"(-2400 to -2350) * Sargon, first king of Akkadian dynasty, defeats Lugalzaggisi, creates a vast Semitic empire in Mesopotamia, and calls himself "King of the Four Quarters"(-2350 to -2100) * Shun dynasty in China(-2300 to -2205) * Naramsin, ruler of Babylon(-2270 to -2233) * First of the Hsai dynasties in China(-2200 to -2233) * Egypt ruled by the Hyksos, "Shepherd Kings"(-2200 to -1700) * Dynasty of Pharaohs in Egypt(-2200 to -525) * End of Old Kingdom and beginning of Middle Kingdom of Egypt, 11th and 12th dynasties(-2100 to -1700) * Abraham leaves Ur in Chaldea(c. -2100) * Disappearance of city of Agade; end of Akkadian civilization in Mesopotamia. |
* The earliest surviving papyrus scroll with writing * The first libraries in Egypt * Script changes from sumerian style(holizontal, left to right) to Semitic style(vertical, right to left) * Epic poetry in Babylonia celebrates re-creation of the world. * In Egyptian literature, lamentation and skepticism about meaning of life. * Papyrus Archive(-2400) |
* The snake and the bull are religious symbols in early Minoan culture on Crete * Isis and Osiris cult in Egypt (resurrection from death) * Ishtar is worshiped as goddess of love. |
* Indus civilization in India(to-1500) * Early Minoan period in Crete * Dolmen period of Scandinavian Neolithic Age(to-2200) * Building of Sakkara Pyramid * Height of Sumeric-Akkadian art * Chin. music has five-tone scale. |
* Egyptians discover use of papyrus. * Potter's wheels and kilns used in Mesopotamia. * Map of Babylonia. * Bow and arrow used in warfare. * Equinoxes and solstices determined in China; lunar year of 360 days changes to variable sun-moon cycle. |
* The oldest pictorial representation of skiing: carving on a rock, found at Rodoy, southern Norway. * Red-polished ware "tulip bowl" Cyprus. Early Bronze Age, c.2700-2075BC * The earliest Egyptian mummies * First domesticated chickens in Babylon * Important agricultural developments in Malaya. * Hsai dynasty introduces title system with annual distribution of fields. * Indications that cotton is cultivated in Peru. |
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