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| Time | ------POLITICS------- |
-------LITERATURE------- |
Religion / Philosophy |
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----SCIENCE / TECHNOLOGY--- |
------PEOPLE'S LIFE------ |
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| -700 to -601 -700 to -601 | * Under harsh region of Sennacherib, Nineveh is regarded as symbol of tyranny and bloody suppression * Manasseh, king of Judah(-690 to -638) * Assyrians destroy Babylon and divert Euphrates to cover site of city * Second Messenian war * Annual election of Areopagites(member of judical court) in Athens * Judah submits to Assyria; fabled king Candaules of Lydia deposed, succeeded by Gyges(-680 to -652) * Spring & Autumn Period, chin(-722 to -481) * Assyrians destroy Memphis and Thebes * Scythian raiders in Syria and Palestine * Solon, Athenians law giver and stetesman(-640 to -560) * Josiah, king of Judah (-638 to -608) * Chaldean general, Nabopolassar, seizes Babylonian throne, declares independence from Assyria * Medes, Babylonians, and Scythians destroy Nineveh; end of Assyrian Empire, which is divided among its conquerors * Nebuchadnezzar II makes Judah tributary; beginning of Babylonian Captivity(The Lamentations of Jeremiah) * Nebuchadnezzar II defeats Egyptian army under Necho II |
* Egyptian hieroglyphs are adapted to demotic script * Kallinos, earliest known Greek Iyricist (preserved: battle hymn) * Archilochus, Greek Lyricist and author of fables, raises iambic to art form * Library at Nineveh contains poetry, educational texts, instructions for grammatical translation of Sumerian texts into a Semitic language * Tyrtaeus and Mimnermus, Greek poets, write elegies, love and war songs * Stesichorus of Sicily, known as creator of heroic ballad * Alcaeus, Greek author of political, love, and war songs * Sappho of Lesbos, Greek poetess * Beginning of second period of Chin, literature(to -200) * Indian Vedas, a collection of religious, philosophical, and educational writings, completed |
* In Greek religion, the worship of Apollo and Dionysus(later named Bacchus) and mysticisms such as Orphism gain acceptance * In India, Brahminic religion defines six stages of the trasmigration of the soul * Jeremiah predicts the fall of Judah * Thales of Miletus, Greek philosopher(-624 to -545) * King Josiah revives Yahweh worship in Jerusalem * First written laws of Athens by Draco * Zoroaster, founder of Persian religion(-630 to -553) * "Graffiti" by Greek soldiers in Nubia show good elementary education * Anaximander of Miletus, Greek philosopher(-611 to -546) * Lao-tse, Chinese philosopher, b, -604 |
* King Essarhaddon rebuilds Babylon * First Doric columns in Peloponnesus -- Greek Architucture orders * Stone architecture and monumental scluptures in Greece, also color sketches * Fiorst Ionic columns on Samos * Limestone and marble used in construction of temples in Greece; design of houses becomes more ornate -- Greek Architucture orders * Acropolis in Athens is begun; Doric style and life-size sclupture of women become popular -- Ancient city, Athens * Nebuchazzar sponsors Babylonian art and architecture; builds fortress; first use of colored glazed bricks on Ishtar portals * Marduk temple in Babylon (Tower of Babel) begun * New art forms for songs; flute and lyre popular as accompanying instruments * Seven-string lyre is introduced * Terpander writes for solo voice with instruments * Arion, Greek composer and poet, introduces strophet and antistrophet |
* King Sennacherib's garden in Nineveh palace has rare plants and animals; planting space and irrigation channels blasted from rock * Progress in water installations; Jerusalem has subterranean water tunnels; Sennacheribs builds aqueduct; Nineveh has bucket wells * King Assurbanipal's famous library, with over 22,000 clay tablets, covers history, medicine, astronomy, astrology; movement of planets and signs of zodiac are recorded * Water clocks are used in Assyria * Kareus is first to sail through Straits of Gibraltar(Pillars of Hercules) * Glaucus of Chios invents soldering of iron * Pharaoh Nechos of Egypt starts canal between Nile and Red Sea -- History of suez cannal |
* Patients are treated at temple of the god Asklepions in Greece * The first standard coinage is in use in Lydia(western Turkey) * King Sennacherib's mountain climbing is first mention of alpine sports * Hesiod's poem "Works and Days" mentions cultivation of barley, wheat, legumes, grapes, olives, figs; also husbandry of horses, cattle, goats, sheep, pigs * Foundation of Ostia near Rome by the Etruscans * Ornamental weaving in Greece * Nineveh important trading center as shown by documents in library about sales, exchange, rentals, leases, loan interest, mortgages * Foundation of Paestum, southern Italy, and Massilia(Marseiles) -- images |
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